There are various techniques for speech watermarking based on modifying the linear prediction coefficients (LPCs); however, the\nestimated and modified LPCs vary from each other even without attacks. Because line spectral frequency (LSF) has less sensitivity\nto watermarking than LPC, watermark bits are embedded into the maximum number of LSFs by applying the least significant bit\nreplacement (LSBR) method. To reduce the differences between estimated and modified LPCs, a checking loop is added to minimize\nthe watermark extraction error. Experimental results show that the proposed semifragile speech water marking method can provide\nhigh imperceptibility and that any manipulation of the watermark signal destroys the watermark bits since manipulation changes\nit to a random stream of bits.
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